🔬 APPSC ASSISTANT DIRECTOR RECRUITMENT 2026

APPSC Assistant Director 2026 – Exam Pattern & Complete Syllabus

APPSC Assistant Director in Forensic Engineering / Physics / Chemistry / Biology – A.P. State Forensic Science Laboratory Service

This post contains ONLY the Exam Pattern and Syllabus from the uploaded APPSC Brief Notification No. 11/2026 dated 15-09-2026. Eligibility, vacancies, salary and application details are not included.

📌 APPSC Assistant Director Exam Pattern 2026

The examination is a single-level Written Objective Type Examination conducted in CBRT (Computer Based Recruitment Test) mode. No Screening Test will be conducted. If the examination is conducted in multiple sessions, normalization may be applied as per Commission procedure. AD_FSL_112026

Written Examination

Paper	Subject	Questions	Duration	Marks
Paper-I	General Studies & Mental Ability	150	150 Minutes	150
Paper-II	Concerned Subject	150	150 Minutes	300
Total	—	300	300 Minutes	450

Paper-II Subject Options

Assistant Director – Forensic Engineering

• Mechanical Engineering
• Structural Engineering
• Civil Engineering
• Production Engineering

Assistant Director – Physics

• Physics
• Material Science
• Nuclear Physics
• Electronics
• Electronics & Instrumentation
• Applied Physics
• Instrumentation
• Five Integrated M.Sc. Physics
• Geo Physics
• Nano Science
• Nano Technology
• Electronic Communications

Assistant Director – Chemistry

• Chemistry
• Forensic Science

Assistant Director – Biology

• Botany
• Zoology
• Microbiology
• Biochemistry
• Biotechnology
• Genetics
• Forensic Science
• Degree in Medicine with Bachelor's Degree in Science in Chemistry/Botany/Zoology/Physics

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📚 COMPLETE SYLLABUS

PAPER-I

GENERAL STUDIES & MENTAL ABILITY

Common for All Posts

1. Current Affairs

• Major international current events and issues
• Major national current events and issues
• Andhra Pradesh current events and issues

2. General Science & Technology

• General Science
• Applications of Science in day-to-day life
• Contemporary developments in Science & Technology
• Information Technology

3. History of India

• Social aspects
• Economic aspects
• Cultural aspects
• Political aspects
• Andhra Pradesh focus
• Indian National Movement

4. Geography

• Geography of India
• Special focus on Andhra Pradesh

5. Indian Polity & Governance

• Constitutional issues
• Public policy
• Reforms
• e-Governance initiatives

6. Indian Economy & Planning

7. Sustainable Development & Environmental Protection

8. Disaster Management

• Vulnerability profile
• Prevention strategies
• Mitigation strategies
• Remote Sensing
• GIS applications in disaster assessment

9. Logical Reasoning & Analytical Ability

• Logical reasoning
• Analytical ability
• Logical interpretation

10. Data Analysis

• Tabulation of data
• Visual representation of data
• Basic data analysis
• Mean
• Median
• Mode
• Variance
• Data interpretation

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PAPER-II

ASSISTANT DIRECTOR – FORENSIC ENGINEERING

A. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

1. Thermodynamics

• Basic concepts
• Open and closed systems
• Heat and work
• Zeroth, First and Second Laws
• Flow and non-flow processes
• Entropy
• Availability and irreversibility
• T-S relations
• Clapeyron and real gas equations
• Ideal gases and vapours
• Air standard cycles
• Two-stage air compressors
• CI and SI engines
• Valve travel diagrams
• Pre-ignition
• Detonation and diesel knock
• Fuel injection
• Carburetion
• Supercharging
• Turbo prop and rocket engines
• Cooling
• Emission and control
• Calorific value of fuels
• Conventional and nuclear fuels

2. Heat Transfer

• Modes of heat transfer
• Steady and unsteady conduction
• Composite slabs
• Equivalent resistance
• Extended surfaces
• Heat exchangers
• Overall heat-transfer coefficient
• Laminar and turbulent flow correlations
• Free and forced convection
• Thermal boundary layer
• Diffusive and convective mass transfer
• Black body radiation
• Shape factor
• Network analysis

3. Refrigeration & Air Conditioning

• Heat pumps
• Refrigeration cycles and systems
• Refrigerants
• Condensers
• Expansion devices
• Psychrometry
• Air-conditioning charts
• Sensible heating and cooling
• Effective temperature
• Comfort indices
• Load calculations
• Solar refrigeration
• Duct design

4. Steam Generators & Turbines

• Fire-tube and water-tube boilers
• Binary vapour system
• Steam through nozzles and diffusers
• Dryness fraction
• Condensation
• Turbines
• Compounding
• Velocity triangles
• Partial admission
• Reheat
• Regeneration
• Efficiency
• Gas turbines
• Mach number

5. Theory of Machines

• Kinematic and dynamic analysis of planar mechanisms
• Cams
• Gears and gear trains
• Flywheels
• Governors
• Balancing
• Vibrations
• Critical speeds
• Automatic controls
• Frequency analysis
• Stability
• Routh-Hurwitz criterion
• Nyquist criterion

6. Machine Design

• Theories of failure
• Cotter joints
• Keys and splines
• Welded joints
• Threaded fasteners
• Screw jack
• Bearings
• Couplings
• Clutches
• Belt drives
• Spur gears
• Shafts
• Springs
• Pressure vessels

7. Engineering Materials

• Structure of solids
• Crystalline materials
• Crystal defects
• Alloys
• Binary phase diagrams
• Engineering materials
• Heat treatment of steels
• Plastics
• Ceramics
• Composite materials

8. Production Engineering

• Metal forming
• Forging
• Drawing
• Extrusion
• Powder metallurgy
• Metal casting
• Welding
• Metal cutting
• CNC
• DNC
• FMS
• Automation
• Robotics
• Cutting tools
• Tool wear
• Tool life
• Machinability
• Jigs and fixtures
• Fits and tolerances
• Surface texture
• Machine-tool testing

9. Industrial Engineering

• Production planning and control
• Forecasting
• Moving averages
• Exponential smoothing
• Scheduling
• Assembly-line balancing
• Product development
• Break-even analysis
• Capacity planning
• PERT and CPM
• Inventory control
• ABC analysis
• EOQ
• Material requirement planning
• Job design
• Work measurement
• Quality management
• Operations research
• Linear programming
• Transportation and assignment models
• Queuing
• Value engineering

10. Elements of Computation

• Computer organization
• Flow charting
• FORTRAN
• dBase III
• Lotus 1-2-3
• C
• Elementary programming

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B. STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

1. Strength of Materials

• Stresses and strains
• Elastic constants
• Shear-force and bending-moment diagrams
• Principal stresses
• Mohr's circle
• Bending
• Shear stresses
• Deflections
• Torsion
• Thin and thick cylinders
• Shear centre
• Unsymmetrical bending

2. Theory of Structures

• Direct and bending stresses
• Columns and struts
• Strain energy
• Moving loads
• Influence lines
• Arches
• Suspension bridges
• Static and kinematic indeterminacy
• Continuous beams
• Portal frames
• Moment distribution
• Slope deflection
• Kani's method
• Column analogy
• Matrix methods

3. Concrete Structures

• Materials and stresses
• Stress blocks
• Limit-state design
• Working-stress design
• Beams
• Slabs
• Columns
• Footings
• Retaining walls
• Water tanks
• Bridges
• Shear and torsion
• Yield-line theory

4. Steel Structures

• Riveted and welded joints
• Connections
• Columns
• Column bases
• Roof trusses
• Plate and gantry girders
• Plate-girder bridges
• Lattice-girder railway bridges
• Bearings
• Plastic analysis and design

5. Prestressed Concrete

• Basic concepts
• Materials
• Losses
• Prestressing systems
• Analysis and design of beams

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C. CIVIL ENGINEERING

1. Building Materials

• Timber
• Bricks
• Cement
• Cement mortar
• Concrete
• Admixtures
• Workability
• Strength testing
• Mix design
• Non-destructive testing

2. Structural Analysis

• Determinate structures
• Indeterminate structures
• Moment distribution
• Slope deflection
• Kani's method
• Stiffness and force methods
• Energy methods
• Muller-Breslau principle
• Plastic analysis

3. Design of Steel Structures

• Working-stress method
• Connections
• Simple members
• Built-up sections
• Frames
• Industrial roofs
• Ultimate-load design

4. Design of Concrete & Masonry Structures

• Limit-state design
• Bending
• Shear
• Axial compression
• Combined forces
• Slabs
• Beams
• Columns
• Footings
• Prestressed concrete
• Brick masonry

5. Construction Planning & Management

• Bar charts
• Linked bar charts
• Work Breakdown Structures
• Activity-on-arrow diagrams
• Critical path
• PERT
• Time-cost study
• Crashing
• Resource allocation

6. Hydrology & Water Resource Engineering

• Hydrological cycle
• Precipitation
• Unit hydrographs
• Evaporation and transpiration
• Floods and management
• Stream gauging
• Flood routing
• Reservoirs
• Irrigation
• Groundwater
• Wells
• Water logging
• Drainage
• Canals
• Dams
• Head works
• Distribution works
• River training

7. Environmental Engineering

• Water supply
• Water quality
• Water-borne diseases
• Water treatment
• Sewage collection
• Sewage treatment
• Plumbing
• Sanitation
• Solid waste
• Air pollution
• Noise pollution
• Environmental assessment

8. Soil Mechanics & Foundation Engineering

• Soil properties
• Soil classification
• Compaction
• Permeability
• Seepage
• Consolidation
• Shear strength
• Earth pressure
• Soil exploration
• Bearing capacity
• Settlement
• Piles
• Expansive soils
• Foundations

9. Surveying & Transport Engineering

• Survey classification
• Distance measurement
• Compass
• Theodolites
• Levelling
• Contours
• Triangulation
• Traversing
• GPS
• Photogrammetry
• Remote sensing
• Highway planning
• Geometric design
• Pavement design
• Traffic surveys
• Intersections
• Signalling
• Mass transit

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D. PRODUCTION ENGINEERING

Unit I – Casting

• Casting processes
• Patterns and pattern making
• Pattern materials
• Pattern allowances
• Gating systems
• Solidification
• Risers
• Casting design
• Centrifugal casting
• Die casting
• Investment casting
• Melting methods

Unit II – Welding

• Welding classification
• Welds and welded joints
• Joint design
• Gas welding
• Arc welding
• Forge welding
• Resistance welding
• Thermit welding
• Plasma welding
• Metal cutting

Unit III – Advanced Welding

• TIG and MIG
• Friction welding
• Induction welding
• Explosive welding
• Laser welding
• Soldering and brazing
• Heat-affected zones
• Welding defects
• Destructive and non-destructive testing

Unit IV – Metal Working

• Hot working
• Cold working
• Strain hardening
• Recovery
• Recrystallisation
• Grain growth
• Rolling
• Rolling mills
• Rolling forces and power

Unit V – Metal Cutting

• Cutting theory
• Cutting elements
• Tool geometry
• Chip formation
• Merchant's force diagram
• Cutting forces
• Cutting speed
• Feed
• Depth of cut
• Tool life
• Coolants
• Machinability
• Tool materials
• Machine-tool kinematics

Unit VI – Lathe Machines

• Engine lathe
• Types of lathes
• Work holders
• Tool holders
• Taper turning
• Thread turning
• Turret and capstan lathes
• Automatic lathes
• Single-spindle and multi-spindle lathes
• Tool layout
• Cam design

Unit VII – Shaping, Slotting & Planning

• Working principles
• Machine parts
• Specifications
• Classification
• Operations
• Kinematic schemes
• Machining-time calculations

Unit VIII – Drilling & Boring

• Drilling machines
• Boring machines
• Types and operations
• Tool holding devices
• Twist drills
• Fine boring
• Jig boring
• Deep-hole drilling
• Kinematic schemes

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🔬 ASSISTANT DIRECTOR – PHYSICS

Paper-II

1. Mathematical Methods of Physics

• Dimensional analysis
• Vector algebra and calculus
• Linear algebra
• Matrices
• Cayley-Hamilton theorem
• Eigenvalues and eigenvectors
• Differential equations
• Hermite, Bessel, Laguerre and Legendre functions
• Fourier series
• Fourier and Laplace transforms
• Complex analysis
• Taylor and Laurent series
• Probability theory
• Random variables
• Binomial, Poisson and normal distributions
• Central limit theorem
• Data interpretation
• Error analysis
• Least-squares fitting
• Chi-square test
• Green's function
• Partial differential equations
• Computational techniques
• Numerical methods
• Tensors
• Introductory group theory

2. Classical Mechanics

• Newton's laws
• Dynamical systems
• Stability
• Central-force motion
• Two-body collisions
• Rigid-body dynamics
• Non-inertial frames
• Variational principle
• Generalized coordinates
• Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalisms
• Conservation laws
• Small oscillations
• Normal modes
• Special relativity
• Lorentz transformations
• Poisson brackets
• Canonical transformations
• Noether's theorem
• Hamilton-Jacobi theory

3. Electromagnetic Theory

• Maxwell's equations
• Gauss's law
• Laplace and Poisson equations
• Magnetostatics
• Biot-Savart law
• Ampere's theorem
• Electromagnetic induction
• Boundary conditions
• Potentials
• Gauge invariance
• Electromagnetic waves
• Dielectrics and conductors
• Reflection and refraction
• Polarization
• Interference
• Diffraction
• Charged particles in electromagnetic fields
• Plasma
• Transmission lines
• Waveguides
• Radiation

4. Quantum Mechanics

• Wave-particle duality
• Schrödinger equation
• Eigenvalue problems
• Particle in a box
• Harmonic oscillator
• Tunnelling
• Wave functions
• Commutators
• Heisenberg uncertainty principle
• Dirac notation
• Angular momentum
• Spin
• Hydrogen atom
• Stern-Gerlach experiment
• Perturbation theory
• Variational method
• Fermi's golden rule
• Pauli exclusion principle
• Spin-orbit coupling
• WKB approximation
• Scattering
• Klein-Gordon equation
• Dirac equation

5. Thermodynamics & Statistical Physics

• Laws of thermodynamics
• Thermodynamic potentials
• Maxwell relations
• Chemical potential
• Phase equilibria
• Ensembles
• Partition functions
• Free energy
• Classical and quantum statistics
• Bose and Fermi gases
• Blackbody radiation
• Planck distribution
• Phase transitions
• Magnetism
• Ising model
• Bose-Einstein condensation
• Diffusion
• Brownian motion
• Non-equilibrium processes

6. Electronics

• Semiconductor devices
• Diodes
• Transistors
• Field-effect devices
• Optoelectronic devices
• Solar cells
• Photodetectors
• LEDs
• Operational amplifiers
• Logic circuits
• Registers
• Counters
• Comparators
• A/D and D/A converters
• Microprocessors
• Microcontrollers
• Communication electronics
• Modulation

7. Atomic & Molecular Physics

• Atomic quantum states
• Electron spin
• Helium and alkali spectra
• Hydrogen energy levels
• Hyperfine structure
• Zeeman effect
• Paschen-Back effect
• Stark effect
• ESR
• NMR
• Molecular spectra
• Raman spectra
• Lasers
• Einstein A and B coefficients
• Optical pumping
• Population inversion
• Resonators
• Coherence

8. Condensed Matter Physics

• Bravais lattices
• Reciprocal lattice
• Diffraction
• Structure factor
• Bonding
• Phonons
• Specific heat
• Free-electron theory
• Drude model
• Hall effect
• Thermoelectric power
• Band theory
• Metals, insulators and semiconductors
• Superconductivity
• Josephson junctions
• Superfluidity
• Defects and dislocations
• Liquid crystals
• Quasicrystals
• X-ray diffraction
• SEM and TEM

9. Nuclear & Particle Physics

• Nuclear properties
• Binding energy
• Semi-empirical mass formula
• Liquid-drop model
• Nuclear forces
• Deuteron
• Shell model
• Alpha, beta and gamma decay
• Fission and fusion
• Nuclear reactions
• Fundamental forces
• Elementary particles
• Quark model
• Baryons and mesons
• C, P and T invariance
• Weak interaction
• Relativistic kinematics

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🧪 ASSISTANT DIRECTOR – CHEMISTRY

A. CHEMISTRY

Inorganic Chemistry

• Atomic structure and chemical bonding
• Quantum theory and Schrödinger wave equation
• Hydrogen atom and molecule
• Valence bond theory
• Molecular orbital theory
• X-ray and electron diffraction
• Periodic classification
• Atomic volume and radius
• Electronegativity
• Oxidation states
• Lattice energy
• d-block elements
• Transition elements
• f-block elements
• Lanthanons and actinons
• Complex compounds
• Valence bond theory
• Crystal field theory
• Isomerism in complexes
• Hard and soft acids and bases
• Modern chemistry of Be, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Mo, W, U and Th
• Alloys and intermetallic compounds

Physical Chemistry

• Radioactivity
• Nuclear structure
• Decay chains
• Half-life
• Nuclear fission and fusion
• Kinetic theory of gases
• Chemical kinetics
• Order and molecularity
• First and second order reactions
• Thermodynamics
• First and second laws
• Entropy
• Isothermal and adiabatic processes
• Equilibria

Organic Chemistry

• Heterocyclic compounds
• Furan, pyrrole and thiophene
• Pyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline and acridine
• Polynuclear aromatic compounds
• Benzopyrones
• Coumarins and chromones
• Alkaloids
• Organic reaction mechanisms
• Addition, substitution and elimination
• Rearrangements
• Name reactions
• Grignard reactions
• Carbohydrates
• Proteins
• Vitamins and hormones
• Alicyclic compounds
• Terpenes
• Stereochemistry
• Optical and geometrical isomerism
• Molecular spectra
• NMR
• ESR
• Rotational, vibrational and Raman spectra

Electrochemistry & Photochemistry

• Conductance
• Kohlrausch's law
• Transport numbers
• Ionic mobility
• Debye-Hückel-Onsager equation
• Conductometric titrations
• Acids and bases
• Buffer solutions
• Potentiometric titrations
• Chemical cells
• Photochemistry
• Laws of absorption
• Surface chemistry
• Catalysis

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🕵️ B. FORENSIC SCIENCE

Introduction to Forensic Science

• Definition and history
• Forensic science laboratories
• Duties of forensic scientists
• Physical evidence
• Locard's exchange principle
• Classification of evidence
• Crime-scene investigation
• Crime-scene management
• Collection and preservation
• Packing and forwarding of evidence
• Chain of custody
• Crime-scene reconstruction

Analytical Chemistry

• Analytical methods
• Qualitative and quantitative analysis
• Law of mass action
• Acids, bases and salts
• pH and pOH
• Buffer solutions
• Precipitation
• Redox reactions
• Spot tests
• Microchemical tests
• Inorganic analysis
• Organic functional-group analysis
• Separation methods
• Distillation
• Extraction
• Crystallization
• Chromatography

Volumetric & Gravimetric Analysis

• Titrimetric methods
• Acid-base titration
• Redox titration
• Iodimetry and iodometry
• Permanganometry
• Dichromatometry
• Argentometry
• Complexometry
• EDTA methods
• Gravimetric analysis
• Precipitation
• Digestion
• Washing
• Drying and ignition
• Co-precipitation

Instrumental Analysis

• Atomic absorption spectrometry
• Atomic emission spectrometry
• Atomic mass spectrometry
• UV-Visible spectroscopy
• Fluorescence
• Phosphorescence
• Infrared spectroscopy
• NMR
• Chromatography
• TLC / HPTLC
• Gas chromatography
• HPLC
• Supercritical fluid chromatography
• Capillary electrophoresis
• Mass spectrometry
• GC-FTIR
• GC-MS
• LC-MS
• MS-MS
• Thermal analysis
• Radiochemical methods
• Potentiometry
• Ion-selective electrodes
• Coulometry
• Polarography

Forensic Chemistry

• Forensic exhibits
• Preliminary screening
• Presumptive tests
• Inorganic and organic forensic analysis
• Fertilizers
• Insecticides
• Metals
• Industrial chemicals
• Solvents
• Petroleum products
• Adulteration
• Arson residues
• Fire investigation
• Trace evidence
• Cosmetics
• Dyes
• Paints and pigments
• Fibres
• Oils and greases
• Beverages
• Narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances
• NDPS Act
• Explosives and explosion residues
• IEDs
• Post-blast investigation
• Explosives analysis

Forensic Toxicology

• Poisons and classification
• Types of poisoning
• Sample collection and preservation
• Toxicological examination
• Pharmacokinetics
• Toxicodynamics
• Toxicity testing
• Extraction and isolation of poisons
• Identification and quantification
• Metals
• Anions
• Volatile poisons
• Gases
• Drugs
• Pesticides
• Plant poisons
• Animal toxins
• Drug-abuse analysis
• Acute poisoning
• Antidotes
• Poison-control centres
• Toxicological case histories

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🧬 ASSISTANT DIRECTOR – BIOLOGY

A. BIOTECHNOLOGY

Cell Biology

• Cell theory and diversity
• Microscopic techniques
• Cell fractionation
• Cell organelles
• Plasma membrane
• Mitochondria
• Chloroplast
• Nucleus
• Ribosomes
• Extracellular matrix
• Cell cycle
• Cyclins and CDKs
• Apoptosis and necrosis
• Cancer biology
• Signal transduction
• Meiosis
• Gametogenesis
• Fertilization
• Chick embryo development

Biomolecules & Analytical Techniques

• Water, pH, pK
• Acids and bases
• Buffers
• Thermodynamics
• Carbohydrates
• Amino acids
• Proteins
• Nucleic acids
• Lipids
• Chromatography
• Protein and nucleic-acid sequencing
• Hormones, vitamins and minerals
• UV/Visible spectroscopy
• IR
• NMR
• Raman
• Mass spectroscopy
• Fluorescence
• X-ray crystallography
• Ultracentrifugation
• Electron cryomicroscopy
• Confocal microscopy
• Flow cytometry
• FACS
• Atomic force microscopy
• Radiochemical methods

Molecular Biology

• DNA structure and replication
• DNA repair
• Recombination
• Transcription
• Translation
• Gene regulation
• Protein targeting
• Cancer genes
• Oncogenes
• Tumour suppressor genes
• Antisense technology
• Ribozyme technology
• Gene targeting
• Genome mapping
• Mutation and mutagenesis
• Human Genome Project
• Transposons

Biostatistics

• Frequency distributions
• Binomial, Poisson and normal distributions
• Mean, median and mode
• Standard deviation
• Probability
• Regression
• Correlation
• ANOVA
• t-test
• F-test
• Chi-square test

Microbiology

• Microbial world
• Prokaryotes and eukaryotes
• Microbial taxonomy
• Pure culture
• Sterilization
• Microbial nutrition
• Culture media
• Growth
• Viruses
• DNA and RNA viruses
• Viroids
• Prions
• Bacteriophages
• Retroviruses
• Biomass and bioenergy

Immunology

• Innate and acquired immunity
• Immune-system cells and organs
• Antigens
• Immunoglobulins
• Antigen-antibody interactions
• Blood groups
• MHC
• BCR and TCR
• Complement system
• Antigen processing and presentation
• Humoral and cell-mediated immunity

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🌱 B. BOTANY

Cell & Molecular Biology of Plants

• Cell wall
• Plasma membrane
• Plasmodesmata
• Chloroplast
• Mitochondria
• Plant vacuoles
• Nucleus
• Ribosomes
• Protein sorting
• Cytoskeleton
• Cell cycle
• Apoptosis
• Golgi apparatus
• Lysosomes
• Endoplasmic reticulum
• Immunotechniques
• FISH/GISH
• Confocal microscopy

Cytology, Genetics & Cytogenetics

• Chromosome structure
• Centromeres and telomeres
• Karyotype
• Chromosome banding
• Polytene and lampbrush chromosomes
• Sex chromosomes
• Chromosomal alterations
• Polyploidy
• Prokaryotic and organelle genetics
• Gene expression
• Genetic recombination
• Genetic mapping
• Mutations
• DNA repair
• Plant breeding
• Molecular cytogenetics
• Biostatistics

Lower Plants

• Microbiological techniques
• Phycology
• Algae
• Mycology
• Fungi
• Bryophyta
• Pteridophyta
• Evolution and classification

Seed Plants

• Gymnosperms
• Angiosperm taxonomy
• Plant classification
• Herbarium
• Floras
• Molecular taxonomy
• Phytogeography
• Endemism
• Biodiversity

Plant Physiology & Metabolism

• Thermodynamics
• Enzymology
• Water relations
• Membrane transport
• Signal transduction
• Photosynthesis
• Respiration
• Lipid metabolism
• Nitrogen fixation
• Photobiology
• Plant growth regulators

Plant Resource Utilization & Conservation

• Plant biodiversity
• Food and fodder crops
• Fibre crops
• Medicinal plants
• Aromatic plants
• Oil-yielding crops
• Ethnobotany
• Forest products
• Green Revolution
• Plant conservation
• In-situ conservation
• Ex-situ conservation
• Botanical gardens
• Seed banks
• Cryobanks

Plant Biotechnology

• Tissue culture
• Organogenesis
• Somatic embryogenesis
• Somatic hybridization
• Clonal propagation
• Artificial seeds
• Cryopreservation
• Recombinant DNA technology
• DNA fingerprinting
• Genetic engineering
• Transgenic plants
• Microbial genetic manipulation
• Genomics and proteomics

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🦠 C. MICROBIOLOGY

The notification covers:

• General Microbiology
• Microbial Physiology
• Microscopy
• Sterilization
• Pure culture techniques
• Microbiological media
• Microbial identification
• Bacterial taxonomy
• Microbial growth
• Microbial genetics
• Cell and Molecular Biology
• Virology
• Bacteriophages
• Plant and animal viruses
• DNA markers
• DNA fingerprinting
• DNA sequencing
• Recombinant DNA technology
• Biochemistry
• Microbial respiration
• Fermentation
• Enzymology
• Spectroscopy
• Chromatography
• Centrifugation
• Electrophoresis
• Immunology
• Biostatistics
• Bioinformatics
• Industrial Microbiology
• Microbial products
• Food microbiology
• Food safety
• Environmental microbiology
• Nitrogen fixation
• Biofertilizers
• Biopesticides
• Sewage treatment
• Bioremediation

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🐾 D. ZOOLOGY

General Concepts

• Levels of structural organization
• Unicellular, colonial and multicellular forms
• Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
• Tissues, organs and systems
• Acoelomata
• Pseudocoelomata
• Coelomata
• Protostomia and Deuterostomia
• Species concepts
• Biological nomenclature
• Animal taxonomy

Non-Chordata

• Protozoa
• Porifera
• Coelenterata
• Helminths
• Annelida
• Arthropoda
• Mollusca
• Echinodermata
• Parasitism and adaptations
• Important parasites
• Insects
• Apiculture
• Sericulture
• Pearl industry

Chordata

• Classification of chordates
• Origin and evolution of chordates
• Vertebrate integument
• Digestive system
• Respiratory system
• Circulatory system
• Excretory system
• Reproductive system
• Pisciculture
• Amphibian evolution
• Snakes
• Dinosaurs
• Birds
• Flight adaptations
• Bird migration
• Poultry
• Mammalian evolution
• Adaptive radiation
• Dentition

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🧬 E. GENETICS / MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Major areas specified in the syllabus include:

• Mendelian genetics
• Linkage and mapping
• Bacterial genetics
• Model organisms
• Human genetics
• Chromosomal disorders
• Karyotypes
• Pedigree analysis
• Multifactorial inheritance
• Twin studies
• Genetic heterogeneity
• Linkage analysis
• Gene regulation
• Recombinant DNA technology
• Genetic engineering
• Immunology
• Virology
• Clinical biochemistry
• Endocrinology
• Physiology and nutrition
• Biotechnology
• Genomics
• Transcriptomics
• Proteomics
• Bioinformatics
• DNA and protein databases
• Sequence alignment
• BLAST
• FASTA
• PAM and BLOSUM matrices
• Genome analysis
• Protein-structure prediction
• Drug-design applications

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🧪 F. BIOCHEMISTRY

Major Areas

• Chemistry and metabolism of proteins
• Amino acids and peptides
• Lipids and porphyrins
• Carbohydrates
• Nucleic acids
• Vitamins
• Bioanalytical techniques
• Spectroscopy
• Chromatography
• Centrifugation
• Electrophoresis
• Microscopy
• Tracer techniques
• Bioenergetics
• Cell biology
• Enzymology
• Enzyme kinetics
• Molecular biology
• DNA replication and repair
• Transcription and translation
• Protein sorting
• Biochemical genetics
• Cell-cell communication
• Gene regulation
• Recombinant DNA technology
• Immunology
• Virology
• Clinical biochemistry
• Endocrinology
• Physiology
• Nutrition
• Biotechnology
• Bioinformatics
• Genomics
• Transcriptome
• Proteomics

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🔬 G. FORENSIC SCIENCE – BIOLOGY

General Forensic Science

• History and development of forensic science
• Principles and concepts
• Forensic Science Laboratories in India
• Branches of forensic science
• Tools and techniques
• Organizational structure of laboratories

Crime

• Definition and types of crime
• Theories of crime causation
• Prevention of crime
• Characteristics of criminals

Crime Scene Management

• Indoor and outdoor crime scenes
• Securing crime scenes
• Search methods
• Safety measures
• Legal considerations
• Photography
• Videography
• Sketching
• Notes
• Role of forensic scientists

Forensic Photography

• Cameras and lenses
• Crime-scene photography
• Laboratory photography
• UV and IR photography
• Photomicrography
• Macro photography
• Digital photography
• Digital imaging
• Photogrammetry
• Videography

Crime Scene Evidence

• Physical evidence
• Trace evidence
• Locard's principle
• Collection
• Preservation
• Packaging
• Transportation
• Documentation
• Chain of custody
• Crime-scene reconstruction

Laboratory Management

• Laboratory Information System
• Laboratory Information Management System
• Sample chain of custody
• Security systems
• Validation
• Safety equipment

Forensic Biology

• Scope of forensic biology
• Domains of forensic biology
• Biological evidence
• Collection
• Preservation
• Packing
• Sealing
• Forwarding of biological samples

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📌 FINAL EXAM PATTERN – QUICK VIEW

APPSC Assistant Director – A.P. State Forensic Science Laboratory Service

Paper-I: General Studies & Mental Ability
➡️ 150 Questions | 150 Minutes | 150 Marks

Paper-II: Concerned Subject
➡️ 150 Questions | 150 Minutes | 300 Marks

TOTAL

300 Questions | 300 Minutes | 450 Marks

Exam Type: Objective Type
Exam Mode: CBRT
Screening Test: No
Paper-II: Subject-specific syllabus according to the Assistant Director post. AD_FSL_112026 AD_FSL_112026

Source: APPSC Brief Notification No. 11/2026, dated 15-09-2026, uploaded PDF.